The Soul of the Indian An Interpretation by Dr Charles Alexander Eastman, 1911 born Ohiyesa of the Santee Sioux, in 1858
	TO MY WIFE ELAINE GOODALE EASTMAN IN GRATEFUL RECOGNITION OF HER EVER-INSPIRING COMPANIONSHIP IN THOUGHT AND WORK AND IN LOVE OF HER MOST INDIAN-LIKE VIRTUES I DEDICATE THIS BOOK

Introduction

I speak for each no-tongued tree
That, spring by spring, doth nobler be,
And dumbly and most wistfully
His mighty prayerful arms outspreads,
And his big blessing downward sheds.

SIDNEY LANIER.


But there's a dome of nobler span,
A temple given
Thy faith, that bigots dare not ban --
Its space is heaven!
It's roof star-pictured Nature's ceiling,
Where, trancing the rapt spirit's feeling,
And God Himself to man revealing,
Th' harmonious spheres
Make music, though unheard their pealing
By mortal ears!

THOMAS CAMPBELL.


God! sing ye meadow streams with gladsome voice!
Ye pine-groves, with your soft and soul-like sounds!
Ye eagles, playmates of the mountain storm!
Ye lightnings, the dread arrows of the clouds!
Ye signs and wonders of the elements,
Utter forth God, and fill the hills with praise! . . .
Earth, with her thousand voices, praises GOD!

COLERIDGE.

Foreword

"WE also have a religion which was given to our forefathers, and has been handed down to us their children. It teaches us to be thankful, to be united, and to love one another! We never quarrel about religion."

Thus spoke the great Seneca orator, Red Jacket, in his superb reply to Missionary Cram more than a century ago, and I have often heard the same thought expressed by my countrymen.

I have attempted to paint the religious life of the typical American Indian as it was before he knew the white man. I have long wished to do this, because I cannot find that it has ever been seriously, adequately, and sincerely done. The religion of the Indian is the last thing about him that the man of another race will ever understand.

First, the Indian does not speak of these deep matters so long as he believes in them, and when he has ceased to believe he speaks inaccurately and slightingly.

Second, even if he can be induced to speak, the racial and religious prejudice of the other stands in the way of his sympathetic comprehension.

Third, practically all existing studies on this subject have been made during the transition period, when the original beliefs and philosophy of the native American were already undergoing rapid disintegration.

There are to be found here and there superficial accounts of strange customs and ceremonies, of which the symbolism or inner meaning was largely hidden from the observer; and there has been a great deal of material collected in recent years which is without value because it is modern and hybrid, inextricably mixed with Biblical legend and Cau-casian philosophy. Some of it has even been invented for commercial purposes. Give a reservation Indian a present, and he will possibly provide you with sacred songs, a mythology, and folk-lore to order!

My little book does not pretend to be a scientific treatise. It is as true as I can make it to my childhood teaching and ancestral ideals, but from the human, not the ethnological standpoint. I have not cared to pile up more dry bones, but to clothe them with flesh and blood. So much as has been written by strangers of our ancient faith and worship treats it chiefly as mat-ter of curiosity. I should like to emphasize its universal quality, its personal appeal!

The first missionaries, good men imbued with the narrowness of their age, branded us as pagans and devil-worshipers, and demanded of us that we abjure our false gods before bowing the knee at their sacred altar. They even told us that we were eternally lost, unless we adopted a tangible symbol and professed a particular form of their hydra-headed faith.

We of the twentieth century know better! We know that all religious aspiration, all sincere worship, can have but one source and one goal. We know that the God of the lettered and the unlettered, of the Greek and the barbarian, is after all the same God; and, like Peter, we perceive that He is no respecter of persons, but that in every nation he that feareth Him and worketh righteousness is acceptable to Him.

CHARLES A. EASTMAN (OHIYESA)

CONTENTS

Chapter 1 - The Great Mystery

• Solitary Worship
  
• The Savage Philosopher
  
• The Dual Mind
  
• Spiritual Gifts versus Material Progress
  
• The Paradox of "Christian Civilization"

Chapter 2 - The Family Altar.

• Pre-Natal Influence
  
• Early Religious Teaching
  
• The Function of the Aged
  
• Woman, Marriage and the Family
  
• Loyalty, Hospitality, Friendship

Chapter 3 - Ceremonial & Symbolic Worship

• Modern Perversions of Early Religious Rites
  
• The Sun Dance
  
• The Great Medicine Lodge
  
• Totems and Charms
  
• The Vapor-Bath and the Ceremonial of the Pipe

Chapter 4 - Barbarism and the Moral Code

• Silence the Corner-Stone of Character.
  
• Basic Ideas of Morality.
  
• "Give All or Nothing!"
  
• Rules of Honorable Warfare.
  
• An Indian Conception of Courage.

Chapter 5 - The Unwritten Scripture

• A Living Book.
  
• The Sioux Story of Creation.
  
• The First Battle.
  
• Another Version of the Flood.
  
• Our Animal Ancestry.

Chapter 6 - On the Border-Land of the Spirit

• Death and Funeral Customs.
  
• The Sacred Lock of Hair.
  
• Reincarnation and the Converse of Spirits.
  
• Occult and Psychic Powers.
  
• The Gift of Prophecy.

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End of Introduction, Foreword and Contents
Soul of the Indian

	Chapter 1 - The Great Mystery

Index	Fwd	Ch1	Ch2	Ch3	Ch4	Ch5	Ch6	ED	Crd
Web Publication by Mountain Man Graphics, Australia in the Southern Autumn of 1996