Idea 1

The New Testament Gnostic Gospels and Acts, etc were authored by non Christian Platonists
after the Council of Nicaea as a literary reaction to Constantine's Bible
and between the years of 325-336 CE - not between the years c.100-c.400 CE.

Most recent article: April 2011

An alternative chronology for the lost authorship of the Gnostic Gospels A critical examination and analysis of the manuscript evidence debunking the idea of "early Christian" authorship. (Edition: April 2011)
Bart Ehrman quoted - on the Christian Exterminators	Editor paraphrasing - on the "history" of the Gnostic Exterminatees
"The victors in the struggles to establish Christian Orthodoxy not only won their theological battles, they also rewrote the history of the conflict"	We have 4th century comparanda evidence for the modus operandi of the "history rewrite" The victors retrojected the Nicaean Controversy into a fabricated pre-Nicaean history, by the insertion of references and mentions of popular 4th century "Gnostic Gospels and Acts" into their special "Ecclesiastical Version" of the "Historia Augusta"
"later readers then naturally assumed that the victorious views had been embraced by the vast majority of Christians from the very beginning ...	... and still assume ...
"The practice of Christian forgery has a long and distinguished history ... the debate lasted three hundred years."	The false history rewritten by the victors declared the debate lasted "three hundred years", but despite the fact that we'd like to believe them, and assume they told the truth, they lied. Authorship of the "Gnostic Gospels" commenced c.324 CE in reaction to the Constantine Bible. Constantinian damnatio memoriae, exile, and other forceful measures destroyed the books, the name and the political memory of the Post-Nicaean gnostic author(s), with the result that the "Greek debate" was "fascistly outlawed" inside "three hundred days", then imperially suppressed and destroyed within "three hundred weeks". Pachomian renegades reopened the "book debate" in Coptic. Others reopened it in Syriac. But these, in turn, were "fascistly outlawed" inside "three hundred months". The practice of Christian forgery certainly has a long and distinguished history, but the evidence of the practice of Christian forgery appears with the 4th century. The debate submerged for "three hundred leap years" while civilisation recovered. The debate has been renewed with the recent discovery of ancient manuscript evidence.
"Lost Christianities, Bart Ehrman.	"Lost Gnostic Histories", via Eusebian Retrojection
Arnaldo Momigliano: "But I have good reason to distrust any historian who has nothing new to say or who produces novelties, either in facts or in interpretations, which I discover to be unreliable. Historians are supposed to be discoverers of truths. No doubt they must turn their research into some sort of story before being called historians. But their stories must be true stories. [...] History is no epic, history is no novel, history is no propaganda because in these literary genres control of the evidence is optional, not compulsory. ~ Arnaldo Momigliano, The rhetoric of history, Comparative Criticism, p. 260

Introduction

Following upon research for this exhaustive tabulation of all the Gnostic Gospels and Acts, etc this article consists of a critical examination and analysis of the all the evidence available and relevant to questions such as ...."Who were the Gnostics"?, "When did they manufacture their codices"? "Why did they design these weird stories about Jesus and the Apostles?" "Why were these books banned by the church?" etc . The review debunks the idea of "early Christian" authorship for these texts, and offers a revised chronology. The review includes all the Nag Hammadi material, which is available here as a distinct subset of the texts.

To those unfamiliar with the term "New Testament Apocrypha" it includes all the noncanonical literature, the Gnostic Gospels and Acts, that were at one time banned, prohibited, illegalised, searched out and destroyed, by the orthodox. In the end, the "Gnostic Gospels" became "hot property" and had to be buried. Now these manuscripts are being discovered and Radiocarbon Dated. The C14 results (gJudas) suggest Post Nicaean manufacture.

Much (but not all) of the New Testament Apocryphal corpus is essentially a Homerization (or a Platonisation) of the Canon, and was authored in the aftermath of the Council of Nicaea. It mimics the canon. A clever and studiously inventive author of Hellenistic romance narratives took a leaf out of Constantine's Bible. The history of Eusebius was falsified, perhaps later, to obscure the appearance of these very popular additional unauthorised tractates. These unauthorised stories about Jesus and the Apostles were the subject of imperial edicts for their destruction by fire. It was prohibited upon pain of death to have in one's possession copies of these writings. They were called the "Hidden Books" or the "Apocrypha". Preservation of these works (we think of Arius) was achieved at remote locations in Syria and Egypt, in Syriac and Coptic, away from the authority of the state church.

Other texts of the New Testament Apocryphal corpus (such as the Gospel of Thomas) represent a last ditch attempt by the Hellenic philosophers (largely Platonists, successors of Plotinus and Porphyry; and Stoics), to preserve their philosophical heritage and wisdom. To do this they placed their sayings into the mouth of Emperor Constantine's Sacred [Encrypted] Name of God.

Idea 2

Platonists were victims of Christian indentify theft.
Arius of Alexandria was not a Christian presbyter
Arius of Alexandria was a Platonic theologian.
Arius is to be identified with Leucius Charinus

Most recent article: April 2011


A Pageant of Christian Identity Frauds masquerade in the Academy of Plato

A systematic pattern of evidence discloses that the 3rd century apostolic lineage of the academy of Plato was the victim of numerous indentify thefs which were subsequently used to bolster the 3rd century apostolic lineage of the academy of the Christians.

Further ... that Arius and Leucius Charinus are one and the same author

Leucius Charinus and Arius of Alexandria are One Person
From the available sources we examine the questions:
(1) what do we really know and dont know about Arius of Alexandria, and
(2) what do we really know and dont know about Leucius Charinus.
We explore the intriguing ancient historical possibility that these two authors could in fact be the one and the same person. The life, the memory, the books and the very name of Arius of Alexandria were significantly subject to Constantinian damnatio memoriae in the fourth century. At this time, the name of Leucius Charinus commences to appear in an more unambiguous historical sense.

Idea 3

Constantine commissioned the fabrication
of the New Testament Canon and its "history"

"Eusebius knew that the Christians were a nation,
and a victorious nation at that; and that their history
could not be told except within the framework
of the Church in which they lived. Furthermore,
he was well aware that the Christian nation
was what it was by virtue of its being both
the oldest and the newest nation of the world."

---- Arnaldo Momigliano (1908-1987)

"It was", thought the Emperor Julian c.362 CE,
"expedient to set forth to all mankind
the reasons by which he was convinced that
the fabrication of the Christians
was a fiction of men composed by wickedness".


THESIS: Constantine Invented Christianity in the Fourth Century. (pdf format; Sept 2007)
Referee Report from Journal of Hellenic Studies: JHL (Oct 2007), and response.
Independent Report from HistoryHuntersInternational: "The vacuum of evidence for pre 4th century christianity." (2011)

ABSTRACT: Outlining of the argument used in the thesis, the scope of the evidence, and brief abstract.
HISTORICAL REVISIONISM: What is Historical Revisionism? What is Historical Integrity?
EUSEBIAN FICTION POSTULATE: Draft Specifications by Authors of Antiquity (2008)

Index to Background Notes, Articles & Resources:

Chronology	Resource Articles
	Introductory Articles - Constantine, Eusebius, Roman Gravitas and the mainstream paradigm
312	Constantine Liberates Rome from its senate: The politics of fiction, gold and power.
312-324	Imperially sponsored Scriptoria of Eusebius - Literature Interpolations and Forgeries Index:
324/325	Absolute Military Supremacy: Blueprints of Intolerance, Persecution and Fraud (Antioch & Nicaea)
324-348	Dispossessed Greeks flee "Christian Civilisation": Ascetics & establishment of Desert Monasticism
324-333	Arius of Alexandria, non christian ascetic academic, "reproaches, grieves, wounds and pains the Church".
324-370	Appearance of the Gnostic Gospels & Acts: reactions against the New (and "strange") Testament.
325-590	Knowledge Burning by the (new) Christian regime - persecution and intollerance
348-350	The Nag Hammadi Codices - time capsules from an epoch of religious intolerance
325-336	The Heresey of the Nicaean priest - Marcellus of Ancyra: Were the 318 "Attendees" coerced?
325-490	Anathematising Public Opinion about Jesus Christ: "The highways were covered with galloping bishops"
351	A Register of Popular Public Opinion (unfavorable) about Jesus Christ: Anathemas were necessary..
359-363	The Arraignment of the Emperor Julian against Christianity: "Fiction of men"; "monstrous tale"
363-364	The Council of Laodicea: Prescriptions against the Vile Heretics and their "Banned Books"
364-450	Censorship of "the lies of Julian": Censorship of beliefs in "fictional Jesus" refuted and burnt.
353-390	The History of Ammianus Marcellinus: Appears to be missing the obituary for Constantine.
420-450	Nestorius's Publication on Heresies: The Ex-Archbishop of the City of Constantine wrote too much
429	Cyril's Censorship of Nestorius: Nestorius was anathematized for writing about the heresies
491	Censorship Masterlist - The Decretum Gelasianum: Eusebius, Damasius and the Index Librorum Prohibitorum"
030-324	Where is the archeological evidence for pre-Nicene christianity?: What does the C14 say?
000-324	What then existed if Christianity did not?: the "pagan milieu" and the "Therapeutae of Asclepius"
	Ancient Pearls of Wisdom: "The Hymn of the Pearl", and Lithagoel's TAOPATTA (NHC 6.1)
	Further related articles
	Playing Poker with Constantine and the "Christian Poker Association": Looking on the bright side of life

Witnesses to the Historicity of Jesus: by Arthur Drews (1912) [necessary reading]
HJ/MJ Dichotomy: Analysis of the theory space of Historical and Mythical Jesus Theories
The Quest of the Mythical Jesus: An article by Robert M. Price
Pagans and Christians: A critical review (Part 1) of Robert Lane-Fox (1996).
Mainstream Chronology: Current (traditional) theory of the history of christianity
The Roman Commonwealth and Empire: Ruthless regime of power and greed.

Constantine
Constantine & the Sacred Name Code ☧ (Chi-Rho): A "Codified Divinity" was elevated above all others, but was it "Christos" or "Chrestos"?
The Three Decades of Constantine's Rule: "The Good", "The Bad" and "The Ugly" (from 325 CE)
Ardashir and Constantine: Creation of centralised State Monotheistic Religions in antiquity
Constantine: Background notes; Hans Pohlsander and others.
Constantine the Great Fascist: Some Quotes of Hitler from the twentieth century that may fairly be placed directly into the mouth of Constantine in the fourth century
How Constantine severed the Greek Guardian Class from Civilisation: Diagram by diagram background to the boundary events of c.325 CE.

Eusebius of Caesarea
Eusebian integrity: Assessment on the integrity of his character
The Testimonium Flavianum: A chronological summary of Censure
Eusebius Forged the TF: An article by Ken Olsen
Making Fruit Salad of the Testimonium Flavianum: "Is the TF the genuine apple?" [Kookaburra Jack Article.pdf]
The Historia Augusta - was this known forgery produced in the scriptoria oversighted by Eusebius and Constantine?

First Official Christian Pilgrims: Who were the very first pilgrims to return to the holy land?.
Nomina Sacra: What are these sacred names and what is their history?

Authors of Antiquity

Authors of Antiquity: Tracking "the tribe of christians" or lack thereof.
Ammianus Marcellinus, The Two people known as as Ammonias Saccas, The Two people known as Anatolius of Laodicea, Apollonius of Tyana, Arius of Alexandria, Athanasius, Ascetics, Augustine of Hippo, Authors of "Lists of Forbidden Books", Barnabas, Celsus, Clement of Alexandria, Clement of Rome, Constantine (Dear Arius letter), Cyril of Alexandria (against Nestorius), Cyril of Alexandria (nephew of "Theophilus", Epiphanius of Salamis, Hans Eusebius Anderson, Hermas, Hermes (to Asclepius), Hermes (On the 8th & 9th), Hilary of Poitiers (De Synodis), Iamblichus (Pythagorean aphorisms), Ignatius Bishop of Antioch, Irenaeus Bishop of Lyons, Emperor Julian (Against the Galilaeans), Emperor Julian (Caesares aka Symposium aka Kronia), Flavius Josephus, Justin Martyr, Lucian of Samosata, Leucius Charinus (author of the five Leucian Acts), Mani (and the Manichaean connection), Marcellus of Ancyra, Marcion, Marcus Aurelius, Moderatus of Gades, Nestorius Archbishop of Constantinople, Nicomachus of Gerasa, Numenius of Apamea, The Two people known as Origen, Pachomius, Palladas, Papias, Plotinus, Polycarp Bishop of Smyrna, Porphyry, Suetonius (Twelve Caesars), Tacitus, Tertullian Bishop of Carthage, The Desert Fathers, Theodosian Codex (Imperial Laws 313 to 452 CE), Therapeutae of Asclepius.

Theories of Fiction: Other emergent theories relating to fraud and fiction.
Introductory sketch: An alternate theory of antiquity: the history of the invention of christianity
Proposed Chronology: Statement of the Eusebian Fiction Postulate
The fabrication of the Galilaeans": Specifications of the package identified by Julian.
Porphyry, Arius & other neopythagorean targets: Constantine, Eusebius, destruction and calumny of authors
Eusebius Against Apollonius of Tyana: The Treatise that calumnified Apollonius of Tyana.

Josephus Flavius - The Testimonium Flavianum, Antiquity of the Jews
Tacitus - Annals 15:44, 15th Century Forgery of Poggio Bracciolini
Suetonius - Lives of the Twelve Caesars, Nero, 16.
Pliny the Younger - Plinius, Ep 10:97; a letter to the Roman Emperor Trajan
Emperor Trajan - Dear Pliny (a rescript) - see K.C.Hansons translation ... of "Christ-niks"
Marcus Aurelius - The "christian" reference at Meditations 11:3
Hegesippus - The "shadowy Hegesippus" according to Momigliano
Celsus: Fourth Century Eusebian forgery of anti-christian writings
Julius Africanus - Chronologer used by Eusebius, whom Eusebius "corrects" by 300 years.
Lucian of Samosata - Life of Peregrine, Alexander the Prophet
The Vienne/Lyon Martyrs' Letter - Independent analysis of Eusebian forgery.
Origen - Ascetic pythagorean academic; specialist of the (LXX) Hebrew Bible (alone).
Porphyry - Ascetic pythagorean academic; Eusebian forgery of anti-christian writings.
Interpolated Christian Inscriptions?: Yes, there's evidence for these too.

The Imperial Persecution of "Early Christians" - A Critical Review of the Evidence

A Pageant of Christian Identity Frauds masquerade in the Academy of Plato - Eusebius and indentity theft

The Military Supremacist "Council" of Antioch
This is where "The Boss" (Constantine) shoots himself in the foot:
"Our people have compared the chronologies with great accuracy,
and the 'age' of the Sibyl's verses excludes the view
that they are a post-christian fake."

- Constantine's Oration, Antioch, 325 CE,
- to the (captive and non-christian) Saints

The Military Supremacist "Council" of Nicaea
The Nicene Creed is better described as an Oath binding the signatories to Constantine,
and against the words of Arius, which allude to historical and political fiction
There was time when He was not.
Before He was born He was not.
He was made out of nothing existing.
He is/was from another subsistence/substance.
He is subject to alteration or change.

NICAEA: Ecclesiastical Histories (sources and extracts)

Notably, we have no historians, other than "Ecclesiastical" historians
writing while Constantine lived. The brigand ran a tight ship.

Philostorgius - on the "Council" of Nicaea
Rufinius of Aqueila - on the "Council" of Nicaea
Socrates Scholasticus - on the "Council" of Nicaea
Hermias Sozomen - on the "Council" of Nicaea,
Theodoret of Cyrus - on the "Council" of Nicaea, and
Marutha of Maiperqat - on the "Council" of Nicaea.
Theodore of Mopsuestia - Commentary on the "Council" of Nicaea.
Epiphanius of Salamis - Brief mention of the "council"
Eusebius Pamphilus of Ceasarea - the "Council" of Nicaea as mentioned in Vita Constantini.

But wait .... a recent fragment of Philip of Side could be quite revealing ....

Philip of Side - fragments: At the "Council of Nicaea" "there were present very many philosophers"

Pachomius as a Non Christian ascetic
In a dream Pachomius is counselled to make places in the deserts of Egypt for an expected flood of ascetic pagan priests. They have nowhere to go. Constantine has destroyed many temples, particularly those of the Healing god Asclepius. He has executed the chief priests of these temples as public examples. He has prohibited the continuation of the ancient (pagan) temple services. They are dispossessed of their heritage and homes. (DRAFT)

The Desert Fathers (male and female)
A chronology of the monastic movement of Egypt and Syria for the fourth and fifth centuries. The influence and the corruption of the bishops, such as Theophilus, and the beginnings of the Origenist controversies. The "Tall Brothers". (DRAFT)

Ascetic Practices in antiquity
A collation of information and data relating to asceticism in antiquity. (DRAFT)

Constantine's "Dear Arius" Letter: A political analysis of a letter composed about 333 CE by Constantine, addressed to Arius and the Arians. Constantine would very much like to publically execute Arius, but he does not know exactly where Arius is - perhaps Syria. Arius is revealed as someone who had previously been conspicuous by his silence and unobtrusive character. He is described in the manner of an ascetic priest. Constantine is stung by the anti-christian polemic in the writings of Arius; Arius is the focus of belief in unbelief of Constantine's new political and religious initiatives. Constantine reveals that Arius "reproaches, grieves, wounds and pains the Church". A very nasty letter by a very nasty despot. Eventually Constantine manages to poison Arius, but before that time when Arius was no longer, he had composed a number of texts against the Pontifex Maximus' preferred and sponsored cult. These heretical writings were sought out by the orthodox.

ANALYSIS OF THIS LETTER An analysis of this letter discloses a great deal of information about what Constantine thought about Arius of Alexandria.


Who was Arius of Alexandria?: The author of stinging impious profane tractates at variance with the orthodoxy. Banned and damned eternally by Constantine and all who followed in his footsteps.

Who was Leucius Charinus?: The author of the five Leucian Acts is certainly a very shady character. He and his works are mentioned in a great range of very colorful language. Perhaps the most illustrious of descriptions is provided by Photius, who writes:

In a word, his books contain a vast amount of childish, incredible,
ill-devised, lying, silly, self-contradictory, impious, and ungodly statements,
so that one would not be far wrong in calling them
the source and mother of all heresy.

THESIS: Leucius Charinus and Arius of Alexandria are One Person: We examine the questions what doe we really know about Arius of Alexandria amd what do we really know about the author who is called Leucius Charinus. We postulate that these two authors could be one and the same person in Arius of Alexandria.

An examination of the Three Acts of Pilate: is also relevant to the above (Jesus heals via the Hellenistic Asclepius)

An alternative chronology for the lost authorship of the Gnostic Gospels: A critical examination and analysis of the manuscript evidence that debunks the idea that the lost Gnostic Gospels were authored in the centuries before Nicaea. On the basis of the evidence reviewed, the Gnostic Gospels and Acts are explained as Greek literary reactions to the appearance of Constantine's Bible and the Council of Nicaea c.325 CE. The signature of "Monty Pythonish" satire and parody is illicited from the collection of Gnostic books, which were designed for the amusement of the Greek speaking Alexandrian public at that epoch. But Constantine was sorely displeased over these books competing against his own series, and he banned them, and prohibited them, and searched them out and destroyed them. Satire against Jesus was deemed heresy.. Possession of these books attracted the death penalty. They became hot property, but they represented the only resistance the Alexandrian Greeks could offer against the sword and the canonical books of Constantine Bible.

Comprehensive tabulation of Gnostic Gospels and Acts: A tabulation of over one hundred of the texts of the New Testament apocrypha, with links to the English translations, mainstream chronology, WIKI articles, GOOGLE indices, quotations, summaries, comments, and other important data. The table is categorised into the following sections (with totals): The Gnostic Gospels (23), The Gnostic Acts (29), The Gnostic Wisdom Sayings (10), Letters and Correspondence (8), Gnostic Apocalypses/Revelations , (12) and Gnostic Treatises (25).

Radiocarbon Dating the Gnostic Gospels: C14 results are available at present only for one of the Gnostic Gospels: the Gospel of Judas. The Gnostic Gospels in the Nag Hammadi Codices (such as the Gospel of Thomas, NHC 2.2) have not been C14 dated. The Coptic NHC are generally viewed as being physically produced in the mid 4th century. This article raises several issues related to the gJudas C14 dates published by National Geographic. As a result of this, the epoch in which the manufacture of Gnostic codices occurred, appears to be after the Council of Nicaea, and not before.

The Apocrypha at a Glance: A compilation of commentary concerning the nature of the entire set of new testament non canonical literature. Much (but not all) of the New Testament Apocryphal corpus is essentially a Homerization of the Canon, and was authored in the aftermath of the Council of Nicaea. It mimics the canon. A clever and studiously inventive author of Hellenistic romance narratives took a leaf out of Constantine's Bible.

The Apocrypha Masterlist: Listings of the entire New Testament Apocryphal literature
(1) according to the mainstream chronological estimates, and
(2) according to the type (ie: Acts, Gospels, etc).

The Non Canonical "Leucian Acts": Analysis of a number of the standard translations of the non canonical "Acts of the Apostles" reveals a distinct signature of anti-christian polemic. This article examines an index of these non canonical "Acts" which appear to be easily explained as being written in opposition to the Constantine Bible, and the authority, authenticity and aptitude of Constantine's top-down emperor cult "christianity" with respect to the ministry of spiritual knowledge (gnosis), and of the role and tradition of healing. The authors appear as ascetic priests, with knowledge of discourse on the embodied soul, the ascetic path and the ministry of healing previously extant in the empire under a number of ancient gods, perhaps the most popular being Asclepius. Sample analyses of anti-christian polemic and satire include the following texts:

A Brief Examination of some of the Gnostic Gospels and Acts, etc
Syriac Acts of Philip: Is Philip annoying? - Fourth Century Humour at its best
TAOPATTA: The Acts of Peter and the (11, 12 or was it 13?) Apostles
The Acts of Andrew and Matthew: Casting lots for world dominion.
The Acts of Peter and Andrew - Aggressive wizards, camels, needles.
The Acts of Thomas: Judas refuses Jesus' commands; Jesus sells him into slavery
The Act of Peter: Peter forgets to heal his own daughter. 
Acts of Pilate: Pilate tells the Jews that Jesus heals by the power of Asclepius
The Gospel of Nicodemus: Leucius & Karinus experience resurrection, to record the Descent and Ascension, disappearing with a flash
Epistle of Titus, the Disciple of Paul, on the State of Chastity: An extract from this barbarous text is summarised

Other Gnostic Gospels and Acts, etc
The Gospel of Philip: Exactly where did Jesus often kiss Mary? On her forehead? on her cheek? on her lips?
The Acts of Paul: Aesops Fables in the Acts of Paul (The Baptised Lion Affair)- Paul baptises a talking lion in the wilderness. When thrown to the lions at the conclusion Paul meets a christian lion in the arena.
The Acts of John: Jesus does not leave footprints in the sand. John cannot seem to touch Jesus' physical body
The Gospel of Peter: Jesus is lead from the tomb and his head is higher than the sky; The cross follows along behind Jesus at a walk. The cross speaks its own talk. It says "YEAH!".
Acts of John the Theologian: The Emperor Domitian receives complaints about a new and strange nation of Christians
The Gospel of Judas: Judas is presented as one of twelve "daimons". None of the twelve "daimons" can look at Jesus in the eyes. Jesus is presented as a "Head Daimion" or sorceror.
The History of John: (from the Syriac) - specifically states: "This history was composed by Eusebius of Cæsarea"
The Gospel of Mary - Featured and publicised heavily by Dan Brown in his novel "The Da Vinci Code. Mary is presented in having exclusive knowledge not given to Peter. As a result, Peter is peeved. "Did He really speak privately with a woman and not openly to us? Are we to turn about and all listen to her? Did He prefer her to us?
Infancy Gospel of Thomas: The Child Jesus as a malevolent trickster wizard
The Acts of Titus - Titus is the Apostle to Crete! The Acts of Titus represents Barnabas as raising Paul from the dead at the Pisidian Antioch.
The Acts of Barnabas - "deliberately imitate the Lucan Acts".
The Revelation of the Magi - An entertaining story of the Magi, their history, their role in attending the birth of the Jesus Star

The Nag Hammadi Codices
TAOPATTA: NHC 6.1 - The Acts of Peter and the (11, 12 or was it 13?) Apostles
The Letter of Peter to Philip (NHC 8.2) - In fine Homerian melodrama Jesus asks the apostles "Why [TF] are you asking me"?
The Apocalypse of Peter: (NHC 7.3) - "As the Savior was sitting in the temple in the three hundredth (year) of the covenant ...."
The Interpretation of Knowledge: NHC 11.1 - "But our generation is fleeing since it does not yet even believe that the Christ is alive. .
The Exegesis on the Soul: NHC 2.6 - In this text the sayings of the LXX, and the sayings of Jesus and the sayings of Paul are completed by a trinity of citations from Homers "Odyssey".
Asclepius 21-29: NHC 6.8 - instruction from Hermes (Trismegistus) to Asclepius. The text reveals the persecution of the epoch ....
The Prayer of the Apostle Paul: NHC 1.1 - consists of 11 sentences containing a total of 19 abrupt demands.....
Plato's Republic at Nag Hammadi: NHC 6.5 - Comparing Plato' Republic in the Nag Hammadi coptic to the Original Greek reveals that the monsters of Plato's ancient fables "have now become natural creatures", and are loose in the Republic.
Eugnostos ("Right Thinking"), the Blessed: NHC 3.3 --> NHC 5.1 --> NHC 3.4 "The Sophia of Jesus Christ" - Process of "Christianization".
Trimorphic Protennoia: Makes use of fully developed Neoplatonism and thus need to be dated after Plotinus.

(See also further comments on some of the above at this page.)

The non canonical New Testament texts in the papyri: What do the Greek Papyri say?

Christian persecution of Non-Christians: A summary by Vlasis Rassias (Demolish Them!)
The source material for much of this is Book 16, Codex Theodosius.

Knowledge Burning in the 4th Century: A tabulation of citations evidencing the destruction of libraries, or the destruction of temples (within which many non-christian libraries were associated), or the destruction of specific books, and works of authors and/or groups, some of which were sought out to be burnt. The Nag Hammadi codices discovered 1948 are in fact conjectured to be books which were hidden in order to enhance their preservation.

Did the Index Librorum Prohibitorum commence in the fourth century?: Most sources maintain that the "List of Forbidden Books" were published by the Papacy from the fifteenth century, however there are a number of documentary sources which themselves suggest that Constantine and Eusebius already had a catalogue of books which were "forbidden under punishment of death". We find out in the next century that some of these books had been authored by the son of the devil. These needed special treatment by the orthodoxy.

Hellenism as a Fourth Century Heresy: According the Panarion ("Against Heresies") of Epiphanius of Salamis, bishop of the later fourth century, the first seven heresies (in a compendium of eighty) were as follows: (1) Barbarism, (2) Scythianism, (3) Hellenism, (4) Judaism, (5) Stoicism, (6) Platonism, and (7) Pythagoreanism.

Nag Hammadi Index: Index of the 13 ancient books, containing 52 texts.

The Sixth Codex

NHC 6.1: The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles
The sixth codex is intriguing, since it contains, as indicated above, treatises by Hermes, the spiritual master of the scribes. The sixth book contains reference to Asclepius, and with the exception of the very first text within it, the other (seven) texts of Book Six at Nag Hammadi are very much heavy duty non-christian. At first glance, the first text in the book (NHC 6.1) appears by name to be christian. But is it indeed Christian? The text centers upon the character of a mysterious Pearl Man called Lithargoel, who expounds the allegorical story of the Road to the City of the Pearl, which city Lithargoel tells us is named Nine Gates. The text may be entitled The Acts of Peter and the Twelve Apostles, but the story is focussed upon this mysterious physician and healer Lithargoel. In fact, the apostles are presented as inept, continually seeking food and shelter, lacking in basic cognitive skills, lacking in healing skills, lacking in ascetic discipline, lacking in basic memory skills, and even in basic counting skills, since the number of apostles in the story is presented variously as either eleven (in the text) or thirteen (in the subject title) but nowhere twelve, as per the Canonical Acts. In this series of articles, TAOPATTA is explicated as an allegorical story of the ascetic path and the related skills of the ascetic physican and healer, the citizen of the city of "Nine Gates" (the human body). However, TAOPATTA is also a consistent parody highlighting the inauthenticity of the christian apostles in the spiritual ministry.


NHC 6.5: A gnostic and purposeful misrepresentation of Plato's Republic
NHC 6.6: Preserving Hermes: Hermes - to the father of the universe
NHC 6.8: Hermes to Asclepius : Hermes - to the father of modern medicine, Asclepius

325-336 CE: The Heresey of the Nicaean priest - Marcellus of Ancyra

Fragments of the Heresey of Marcellus of Ancyra : Marcellus was one of the bishops present at the Councils of Nicaea, and who, a few years after this Council, wrote a book against Asterius, a prominent figure in the party which supported Arius. In this work (only fragments of which survive), he was accused of maintaining one or more heresies. The fragmentary nature of his surviving work makes reconstructing difficult. We know he was accused and condemned by a council of his enemies. What does Marcellus reveal?

325-490 CE: Anathematising Public Opinion about Jesus Christ

Anathemas of Church Councils as representative of public opinion: A collation of the anathemas and heresies registered by the christian ecclesiastical councils from Nicaea through to the Decretum Gelasianum of c.491 CE. We have been provided a lavish history by the christian victors in which the pagan side of the story has not been presented. An examination of the anathemas and heresies which were variously registered by the christian bishops allows an objective assessment of how the opinion of the pagan populace concerning the new god Jesus, and his new religion christianity, were being received in the empire.

351 CE: A Register of Popular Public Opinion about Jesus Christ

Hilary of Poitiers' De Synodis: Promoted to Bishop in 350 CE, Hilary of Poitiers preserves a list of twenty-seven anathemas agreed upon by the Council of Sirmium c.351 CE. This list of twenty seven issues represented the troublesome public opinion faced by the authority of the orthodoxy in the Eastern empire, and as such, highlights the public opinion at this time in the fourth century. Conspicuous by its presence at the primary position in the list, are the words of Arius, present in the first two opinions:
01: The Son is sprung from things non-existent,
or from another substance and not from God,
and that there was a time or age when He was not.

02: The Father and the Son are two Gods.


To an independent political observer, public opinion about Jesus is not at all positive and orthodox, and reflects a position that he certainly is not to be regarded as coming from God, but rather has sprung from nothing existing. A new God has been invented. The literature of the new God (of Constantine) is fiction.

359-363 CE: The Arraignment of the Emperor Julian against Christianity

Against the Galilaeans: The very first independent political comment concerning the new State Religion of Christianity was formalised c.362 CE by the Emperor Julian who wrote that he thought that it was expedient that he write his convictions to all mankind. Julian's invectives 362 are re-examined in a new light:
It is, I think, expedient to set forth to all mankind
the reasons by which I was convinced that
the fabrication of the Galilaeans
is a fiction of men composed by wickedness.

Though it has in it nothing divine,
by making full use of that part of the soul
which loves fable and is childish and foolish,
it has induced men to believe
that the monstrous tale is truth.

Julian's Saturnalia Party: Satire written 362 CE in which Constantine finds Jesus while living a life of pleasure and incontinence. Julian places the following words into the mouth of Jesus, and finally has Constantine and his sons punished by avenging deities for their impiety, and utter irreligiousness:
"He that is a seducer, he that is a murderer,
he that is sacrilegious and infamous,
let him approach without fear!
For with this water will I wash him
and will straightway make him clean.

And though he should be guilty
of those same sins a second time,
let him but smite his breast and beat his head
and I will make him clean again."


The Fabrication of the Galilaeans: The emperor Julian never called "christians" by that name, and instead in all his dealings, used the term "Galilaeans". He referred therefore to the new testament literature as "the fabrication of the Galilaeans". He was convinced that it was a fiction of men composed by wickedness. This article explores this thing that Julian termed "the fabrication of the Galilaeans". Presented is the specification of the package of fiction, fraud, interpolation, and the fraudulent misrepresentation of ancient history, by Constantine, in the fourth century.

The records from The Council of Laodicea indicate that the reading of the New Testament Apocryphal tractates, were forbidden ....
Canon 59: Let no private psalms nor any uncanonical books be read in church,
but only the canonical ones of the New and Old Testament.

Canon 33: No one shall join in prayers with heretics or schismatics.

Canon 36: They who are of the priesthood, or of the clergy,
shall not be magicians, enchanters, mathematicians, or astrologers;
nor shall they make what are called amulets, which are chains for their own souls.
And those who wear such, we command to be cast out of the Church.

Cyril of Alexandria: The role of the Tax-Exempt Bishop in the political censorship of Julian's writings. Before the time of Cyril, people referred to the Nicene "Fathers" as the fathers of the new state church. However, Cyril started the practice of referring to the "fathers of the church" as the Pre-Nicene Eccesiastical writers, whom Eusebius introduces in his Historia Eccesiastica. Cyril is very appropriately called "The Seal of the Fathers". He is also involved with Nestorius. Cyril writes that he is compelled to refute "the lies of Julian" and goes about the business in many books.
but none as went far as Julian,
who damaged the prestige of the Empire
by refusing to recognize Christ,
dispenser of royalty and power.

he composed three books against the holy gospels
and against the very pure Christian religion,
he used them to shake many spirits
and to cause them uncommon wrongs.

Ammianus Marcellinus, a greek in the Roman army, wrote in Latin a series of thirty-one books setting out a history from 92 to c.390 CE. The initial thirteen books are alas lost, and Book 14 commences in the year 353 CE. The obituary to Constantine, written by Ammianus would have made very interesting reading. But who knows? It may yet turn up in some new discovery, perhaps in the Syriac or Arabic or Coptic. Some extracts of the work are presented, as follows:

Res Gestae: Ammianus Marcellinus (Books 14-31)
Karnack Obelisk: A story about the Obelisk of Karnak.
Constantius: Obituary of Constantius; reference to Apollonius of Tyana
Julian Obituary of Julian

Nestorius, Ex-ArchBishop of Constantinople: Wrote a summary of all the various heretics mid-fifth century, and his writings were targetted for burning by edict. By some miraculous means, assisted by writing under the pseudonym of Heracleides, a Syriac translation survived. The English translation of these presumed destroyed writings of Nestorius became available, and reveals that certain groups of heretics in the mid-fifth century still believed that Jesus was fictitous; moreover that these beliefs were insisted to be based on ancient truth. One of the Christian euphemisms for fiction is Docetism, in which the heretics are descibed as not believing in the physical body of Jesus, only that "it seemed" to have existence, but in reality, did not in fact have existence. Nestorius writes a systematic classification of heresies, and states the following:
I see many who strongly insist
on these [theories of fiction]
as something [based] on
the truth and ancient opinion.

Our position is that these groups included the Greek academics of the East
who shared Julian's conviction that the new testament was a fiction of men.

Blasphemies and Heresies of Nestorius according to Cyril: An examination of the five books composed in 429 CE by the orthodox tax-exempt murderer and christian Bishop of Alexandria Cyril, against the "blasphemies and heresies" of Nestorius.
"I will speak the words too of offence.
Of His own Flesh was the Lord Christ discoursing to them;
Except ye eat, He says, the Flesh of the Son of Man
and drink His Blood, ye have no Life in you:
the hearers endured not the loftiness of what was said,
they imagined of their unlearning
that He was bringing in cannibalism."

Nestorius is today seen as a systematic reported of what he sees and hears around him in the world, but Cyril does not want any of these things written. Nestorius reports that some of the people imagined Jesus to be bringing in cannibalism. The clever pagan priests were polemicists and seditionists against the agenda of the Constantinian Canonical writings. One of them even went as far to write an entire tractate, entitled The Acts of Andrew and Matthias (Matthew) (from "The Apocryphal New Testament" M.R. James-Translation and Notes, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1924) in which Matthew is sent to preach into the Land of the Cannibals:
"At that time all the apostles were gathered together
and divided the countries among themselves, casting lots.
And it fell to Matthias to go to the land of the anthropophagi. (cannibals)
Now the men of that city ate no bread nor drank wine,
but ate the flesh and drank the blood of men;
and every stranger who landed there they took, and put out his eyes,
and gave him a magic drink which took away his understanding. "

The Decretum Gelasianum is a listing of the canonical texts of the new testament and a list of the apocrypha, which is substantial in it length, and attracts the wrath of the late fifth century Papal Council. It is usually acknowledged that some of these works may have been listed a century earlier, by Pope Dasius. This is a far more expansive list than that recorded by Eusebius. It makes explicit reference, for example, to .... all the books which Leucius the disciple of the devil made (This refers to a series of about 5 of the non canonical texts). This of course also represents a Hit-List of officially heretical books, and as such is recognised as a forerunner of the Vatican's Librorum Prohibitorum (Index of Vatican Banned and Prohibited Books) which operated continuously from the sixteenth (following the invention of the printing press) to the twentieth centuries. In the mid twentieth century, the index of banned books had included over four thousand six hundred books, one of which was Edward Gibbon's monumental work, The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire. The precedent for the preparation of a Hit-List for Censorship (destruction by fire, etc) of heretical books (and authors) commenced with Constantine in the year 325 CE. The Decretum Gelasianum thus represents a pre-Gutenburg proto-type of the Librorum Prohibitorum, and additionally, an extension of the political hit-lists of Constantine. (See for example here and especially here.)

Exception Register: Discussion of historical "evidence" raised against the theory.
Paleography & Oxyrhynchus: dating fragments from the many Oxyrhynchus tips.
Dura Europa: Is there indeed a "pre-nicene christian church"?
Inscription of Abercius: The shepherd in the incription.
Christians for Christians Inscriptions of Phrygia: Review of Elsa Gibson's data.
The Catacombs of Rome: especially the Catacombs of St.Callixtus.
Megiddo Prison Dig: The recent archeological diggings at Megiddo, Israel.
Robert Lane-Fox Exceptions: A critical review (Part 2) of the evidence in "Pagans and Christians" (1996)
Inscriptions and Papyri: A critical review of contempory evidence: papyri and the epigraphic habit
Critical Review of Ante pacem: Archaeological evidence of church life before Constantine -- by Graydon F. Snyder
Radiocarbon Dating the Gnostic Gospels: The C14 results suggest Post Nicaean manufacture.
Weighing the chronology of the Gnostics: Chi Squared Testing the Chronology of the Primary Evidence.

The Therapeutae of Asclepius Which temples did Constantine target for destruction (Aegae, +, ...)? Which priests did Constantine target for execution (Aegae, +, ...)? Which ascetic priests wrote parodies against the ineptitude of the fourth century christian "ministry" of "healing" and of "embodied ascetic wisdom"? (Arius? Pachomius?) Ancient Healers of the Lineage of Hippocrates and Galen, therapeutae (physicians; "sons of the elder", "sons of the monk") of Asclepius: an ascetic ministry and physicians of souls. They are described by Philo, as distinct from the Palestinian Essenes, living in Egypt, and in Greece. Philo remarks they are ubiquitous in the empire c.20CE. The therepeutae were ascetics (Egyptian and Hellenic). The signature of Buddhist influence is unmistakable. The most popular Egypto-Graeco-Romon hero of the first three centuries -- by the archaeological evidence -- is the Healer Asclepius, his "asclepia" (healing centers), and associated gymnasiums, their associated libraries, and their hierarchy of attendants and priests - the therapeutae of Asclepius.

The Hymn of the Pearl: aka The Hymn of the Soul - A series of separate translations
The Hymn of the Pearl as an Ascetic Allegory: Explication of this texts an Ode to Indian ascetism
NHC 6.1: TAOPATTA: The Mysterious Pearl Man Lithargoel; the Road to the City of the Pearl

The Quest for the Historical Antichrist: Who is the first multiply-attested historical figure associated with the Antichrist? [Arius & Docetism]
Frequently Asked Questions: Christian Origins as a Fourth Century Historical Phenomenom.
How hypotheses generate theories in ancient history: Discussion and schematic.
The Gnostic Gospels and Acts: An exhaustive tabulation of all the Gnostic Gospels and Acts, etc
Negative Evidence: "The dog did nothing in the night time." "That was the curious incident", remarked Sherlock Holmes.

Constantine & the Sacred Name Code ☧ (Chi-Rho): A "Codified Divinity" was elevated above all others, but was it "Christos" or "Chrestos"?
Chrestos & Christos : The sources of chrestos and christos in antiquity.
Chrestian & Christian : The sources of Chrestian and Christian in antiquity.
Nomina Sacra: What are these sacred names and what is their history?

Constantine and Zero Ayanamsa: The divergence of the Tropical and Sidereal Zodiacs
Letters: Collection of the letters of Constantine.
Histories: Collection of histories of Constantine.
Pythagorean Aphorisms: Iamblichus
Plato's One, Spirit, Soul: "The One is supreme, Spirit comes next, and Soul last. These three are not equal.
Essenic Wisdom: Essenic philosophy and its use in scripture.
Life of Secundus: Philosophy meets Emperor; translation by Ben Perry
C. Suetonius Tranquillus: The Twelve Caesars; lecture notes, resource materials
Apollonius of Tyana: Resource Materials for Ancient History Students.
Extracts from the Codex Theodosianus (313 to 453 CE): English translations of much of Book 16
The Three Hundred and Eighteen Nicaean Fathers (325 CE): An Index of Citations
The Ancient Education System at a Glance: Aristotle's Three Modes of Persuasion in Rhetoric
The Holy Trinity of Plotinus: Did Plotinus write "Against the Gnostics"? Did Plotinus have twelve disciples?
The Apostolic Lineage of the ACADEMY of PLATO: Identification of false Eusebian assertions of "Christians" in the "Academy of Plato"
The Technology of the CODEX: A Collation of articles and resources related to the chronology of the codex.
1001 Questions & Comments about Ancient History and Biblical Criticism and History (BC&H)
Diagramatic Overviews of related Chronologies: Various related chronologies with diagrams.
External Papers: External resource papers, articles, publications, websites and other publications
External Introductory Resources: Useful Introductions to the Ancient History of the New Testament Literature

BOOKS & ARTICLES: REVIEWS & NOTES
Libraries in the Ancient World: Lionel Casson [2002]; Review and resource notes.
Arnaldo Momigliano: Ancient Historian (1908-1987); Reviews of articles, resource notes.
Robert M. Grant: "Early Alexandrian Christianity" - Eusebius and the Life of Origen.
Edward Gibbon : Extracts from "Extracts from "The Decline And Fall Of The Roman Empire" "
Kevin Wilkinson : "Palladas and the Age of Constantine" (2009) and "Palladas and the Foundation of Constantinople" (2010)
Charles Freeman : "The Closing Of The Western Mind" and "AD 381: Heretics, Pagans and the Christian State"
Barbarians: Terry Jones Documentary/Book Review and notes.
The Evolution of Christs and Christianities: Jay Raskin - Book Review and notes.
The Gnostic Discoveries: The Impact of the Nag Hammadi Library : Marvin Meyer (2005) - Book Review and notes.
The Essence of the Gnostics: Bernard Simon (2004) - Book Review and notes.
ARIUS Heresy and Tradition: Rowan Williams, Revised Edition (2002) - Book Review and notes.
The Legacy of Greece: Oxford University Press (1921) - Section on "RELIGION" by W. R. Inge - Notes
Trade Guilds of the Latter Roman Empire : Thesis in Economics, 1925 - Freda Utley (1899-1978) mentions the Constantinian Chrysargyron (Poll-Tx)
Witnesses to the Historicity of Jesus: by Arthur Drews (1912)
Christians for Christians Inscriptions of Phrygia: Review of Elsa Gibson's data.
Pagans and Christians: A critical review (Part 1) of Robert Lane Fox (1996).
Robert Lane Fox Exceptions: A critical review (Part 2) of the evidence in "Pagans and Christians" (1996)
Critical Review of Ante pacem: Archaeological evidence of church life before Constantine -- by Graydon F. Snyder

ESSAYS
An alternative chronology for the lost authorship of the Gnostic Gospels: The Gnostic Gospels and Acts are a reaction to the Constantine Bible.
A Pageant of Christian Identity Frauds masquerade in the Academy of Plato: Ammonius, Origen, Anatolius, Porphyry, Arius - Duplicate Identities !!
Petition to the British Library to C14 date Earliest Bibles: "Sinaticus" & "Alexandrinus" - both are unprovenanced.
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Playing Poker with Constantine and the "Christian Poker Association": An analogy used to explore ancient history
The Twisted Histories of the Fourth Century (1): MOEBIUS and the TWISTED State of Fourth Century Political History
The Twisted Histories of the Fourth Century (2): Draft notes.