Aether Tectonics Exploration of a new way of looking at space and matter and light by Ross Tessien
It Curves, therefore it IS
Web Publication by Mountain Man Graphics, Australia in the Southern Autumn of 1996

Sun, 28 Apr 1996

Fifteen billion years ago, or thereabouts, there issued out from some location a giant wave function. This event was known as the Big Bang and from it came waves of all sorts spreading out through space and giving rise to time. Everything went on like clockwork with waves inside of waves and each spread across the entire universe. There existed, in all of the expanse covered by that wave function with a radius increasing at the speed of light following an early inflationary phase, nothing. Reality was not a part of all of this giant wave function and noting existed inside of this giant bubble.

Then, one day a few tens of thousands of years ago, a region of space within this wave function began for some strange reason to organize. The previously chaotic interactions of the expanding wave function went awry and gained some level of organization. The entire universe shuddered at the thought of what must soon take place. All of the waves spread out across the entire universe prepared for the event as they all knew it would arrive sooner or later due to this horrible region of space that refused to be random.

All of the universe was dark that day. Just a huge jumble of waves. In fact, even the concept of huge does not apply because there was no time, no distance, no reality. On that day, it happened. That horrible organization of waves imagined themselves into a creature, holding a stone and slamming it against another stone to create a sharp edge. That horrible grouping of waves had "learned" that a sharper edge on the stone would cut the hide of the quarry it had just killed.

With that sentient thought, a chip flew from the stone and all of the universe came ablaze with stars, a sun, a moon, a solar system and a planet earth. In that thoughtful moment, all of the waves throughout the universe collapsed into being a universe. That ancient cave man wielded power greater than the balance of efforts of all of mankind combined. That ancient cave man created the entire universe when he gained the ability to think.

Or so quantum mechanical physicists would have us believe. Personally, I don't think that the universe really cares if we watch or not, it is perfectly happy to carry out its chores in an organized manner. It is only our arrogance that leads us to believe that we are somehow important. This was never the case in the past, so how did we come to this in such educated modern times?

If we leave the cave man and come forward in time, we find a myriad of technical developments along the way. But one development in the past hundred years had more of an impact than any other since Newton. That was Einstein's understanding that energy and mass are the same thing related by the equation E=mc^2 that even non physicists have come to know and cherish as a symbol of modern understanding. And yet for physicists, this equation leads to somewhat of a paradox.

In between the symbol for energy, and the symbol for mass, in the same equation, there is an "equals" sign. This would have been fine if what was meant was that a mass moving with a given velocity had kinetic energy, but that is not what is meant by this equation. This equation does not tell us that if you multiply an amount of mass by the square of the velocity at which it moves you can find out how much work that mass in motion can perform. No, this equation tells you how much work you will be able to perform when you eliminate from our universe a measure of mass.

That equation tells us that energy and mass are really the same thing at some intrinsic level we do not yet understand. The confusion may have originated from a curious experiment that led to the discovery of this equation. That experiment was carried out by Michelson and Morley and was a pivotal refutation of aether theories. It was stated that because they did not find a variance in the velocity of light propagation, that light could not be little packets drifting through space. And of course, I think they were correct about their findings of the way that light does not behave.

This, however, is a far cry from ruling out aether as a material medium filling our universe. It merely gives us some ways in which aether and light do not interact assuming that both light and aether exist. We do have some concept that the universe is large and that it occupies space. We believe this because we can personally move from one location to another and we have sent things out on journeys through our solar system and we can look at photographs we make of star birthing regions in nebulae and we can see photos of distant galaxies and on and on.

But what of the basics? What happened when a deuterium nucleus combined with another to form helium? We know that if we take that helium nucleus and cool it down to the starting temperature of the deuterium before we accelerated them (i.e. we compare two D nuclei and one He4 nuclei at the same temperature), that we find that the helium does not weigh as much as the deuterium from which it was made. So, some of the mass is missing.

No we attribute the quality of "somethingness" to matter. Meaning, we believe that matter consists of something and it is therefore allowed to have the quality of mass. Where then did the eliminated mass go? Today it is believed that mass is not conserved, and that energy does not posses any physical geometric properties. Space is empty and through it moves energy. Energy does not have any physical make up, it just IS. But does this make sense?

What if we try to look at this entire problem from a different angle for a minute. Lets just assume for the sake of argument that whatever makes up mass is conserved. What would this mean? First of all, it would say that space and energy and matter were all intrinsically made up of the same stuff. So, lets call this stuff aether and see whether or not aether can reasonably be believed to exist.

If Space consists of aether, then due to the expansion of the universe, we should expect that the pressure of this aether vapor should be decreasing unless something else is going on to replace it. On the other side of the coin, if we consider that the universe has within it a large amount of mass that is undergoing nuclear reactions in stars, this process is releasing a large amount of aether into space. So in a static universe, we should expect that the pressure would be going up.

Well, if we look at these two process, one of the expansion of space and the aether in it, and the other of the vaporization of mass to create aether, then this begins to look like a simple constant pressure expansion process. The universe expands some differential amount, and an equivalent amount of aether is vaporized from the matter in the stars to replenish it. Well, we know that matter indeed does get depleted when a nuclear reaction takes place, but what of space being created? Can we possibly learn anything about the expansion and creation of something we cannot see?

Honestly, I am not certain, but it seems to me that we should. If the reaction of nuclei is responsible for the creation of space itself, while this is a bizarre concept to those of you who think of space as an empty void dotted with real matter, it is not so bizarre for those few of us who believe that space is itself a material substance through which we are moving in some superconductive manner. Well, yes you may be right, I may be one of few lunatics who believe that there is some structure to space that would allow it to behave in a superconductive manner!

But lets consider a couple of possible observations of such a process. first of all, we must note that the pressure throughout the universe would be nearly constant. Though far from galaxies in empty voids one would expect the pressure of aether to be reduced due to the expansion of the universe. And if nuclear reactions are what can replenish this vapor, then the emissions of newly born space (aether) will come from galaxies and move outward. Because there is a star density gradient in most galaxies, there will also be an aether expansion velocity gradient where the greatest expansion velocity is near the center and the lowest is far away.

This velocity profile will follow a curve that is a function of the radius from the center line that I have not yet figured out. But in a qualitative sense as a first cut, there is a reduction in the number of stars per unit volume of space as you move out along a radial line. This is especially the case because if aether can be emitted in any direction, the expansion of the aether would necessarily be spherical, regardless of the shape of the galaxy or globular cluster of stars. Further, once you reach the boundary of nuclear reactions, you have no more emissions into space and the expansion then decreases in velocity according to 1/R^2 like any normal expansive flow.

Within the region of the galaxy, there will be a decrease in the outward flow that is probably something more like a 1/R relationship like gravitational inside of a body. In any case, it seems like the flow out into space (flow of newly created space) can only take place in just one way. This new space must still resonate in cadence with the standing waves that already fill space and for that reason, if new aether is emitted, then there must arise as well, new nodes in the structure of the aether.

In other words, just because some star sent some aether out to replenish the pressure drop the expanding universe caused, does not mean that all of a sudden nodes are going to get larger. If the density and pressure of the aether did not change, then the natural resonant frequency for standing waves in the aether did not change either. And therefore, the spacing of the nodes (space) will remain constant and the period of a standing waves oscillations (time), will also remain constant.

Consider the implication of this from the point of view of matter in a rotating galaxy of stars. All of the stars are emitting space which must expand out into the universe. This new space must conform to the natural frequency and the natural order and sizes of existing nodes. This means that the number of nodes must increase and one can imagine this like a slowly moving checkerboard. If we view this from a different frame of reference, that of the stars rotating about the center of the galaxy, then this increasing number of nodes filling space looks a bit like a record rotating in reverse with the grooves moving toward the outer diameter of the disc.

Those grooves are the "geodesics" of the space around a galaxy, and they cause the natural motion of stars and matter to move outward in direction. This means that the gravitational effect forcing stars in toward the center of a galaxy is reduced in a very unique manner. Stars near the center, where the creation of space is the maximum, will experience a thrust outward that is also maximum. And stars that are far out from the center will experience a thrust outward that is small by comparison.

Considering gravitation, stars near the center should experience a "pull" that is very large and so should have a large orbital velocity to offset this "pull". While stars that are near the outside will experience a lesser gravitational force, and so will orbit more slowly.

If we combine the concepts in the previous two paragraphs something strange happens. The stars near the center of a galaxy must slow down their velocity predicted by gravitation alone so that they do not fly away from the center. While stars far from the center are not as much affected and so they orbit as we would normally expect. Put another way, the geodesics near the center of the galaxy have been warped away from the center by the release of aether, and toward the center by the gravitational effect. While this same thing occurs at larger radii, the ratio is changing and could lead to a linear gradient where stars near the center are sort of like parachutists floating down into the center.

Because the mass of the galaxy is largely tied to the number of stars, and the quantity of emissions is also tied to the number of stars, both the emissions I am talking about and the gravitation with which we are familiar are both in lock step with one another no matter what the shape or mass distribution of the galaxy is. And in the particularly interesting case of a globular cluster, These two effects seem to be very well balanced in such a way that there has formed a gravitational "crystalline" structure of stars.

The reason this is so interesting is because in a galaxy, it predicts that the orbital velocity of the bodies will not be faster like is the case in our solar system where Mercury moves with a very high velocity and Pluto moves with a very slow velocity. Galaxies, in contrast, should find a roughly equal velocity that is independent of the radius. Matter and light transiting past or through such a region of space would still be warped inward by the net shape of the geodesics, but the curvature observed in a galaxy of planets would be different than the curvature in a galaxy of stars.

I think that this would require us to revise our estimate of the mass of the sun due to the difference between the way gravitation applies to a body that is, and the way gravitation applies to a body that is not, emitting aether from nuclear reactions. Aside from the error in the mass of the sun, I cannot think of any other observation that would change. Further, the change to the mass would be just a constant that would take into account the emissions thrust. But I suppose that other bodies, like a neutron star where no further aether emissions are taking place would fall into the category of regular non nuclear matter as far as its gravitational interaction with space.

In conclusion, I would like to point out that we know for a fact that space can curve. We can treat space like it is a system of geodesics where these can be warped by the presence of matter. This does not mean that space is not indeed a system of geodesic nodes in the form of standing waves in some material medium through which we move in a superconductive manner. Light has been observed to change its path in a curve as it moves past our sun and as it moves past galaxies. An excellent example of this is Einstein's Cross where a distant quasar was split into four points of light by a closer galaxy that acted as a gravitational lens.

So, it seems to me that if space over here can behave differently than space over there, that there must be something tangible in both regions of space. i.e., there must be real geodesics within the structure of space itself and not just in the equations we use to describe what space will do to a beam of light.

To the point regarding space, "It curves, therefore IT IS". And if space really is made up of something that has to it some sort of organization that interacts with sub atomic matter, then despite their wavelike nature, matter really exists too. And if this is so, then the universe did not need for some insignificant organization of wavefunctions to strike a rock in order to collapse into existence.

So in my opinion, the universe really is 15 billion or so years old, and it is only our minds that have collapsed in understanding by falling into a 90 year slump in creativity to search for the reality behind the physics. I suppose there are those who would prefer to view this in a different way. They might imagine that shortly after the turn of the century, Schroedinger with his cat righted the wrong performed millennia ago by that cave man when he showed that we really aren't here after all.

Personally, I think Schroedinger elegantly demonstrated that the cave man did nothing but learn to use a stone tool on that day long ago. The universe was a fifteen billion year old expert at quantum mechanics by the time that cave man say the light of day.

Ross Tessien

E-Mail: tessien@oro.net

Index Document - Theories of Aether

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	Aether Tectonics Exploration of a new way of looking at space and matter and light by Ross Tessien
It Curves, therefore it IS
Web Publication by Mountain Man Graphics, Australia in the Southern Autumn of 1996